April 1996
FOREWORD
Appreciation is expressed to all government departments and private sector groupings who directly contributed to this document or who agreed to the use of strategic information.
This report provides, in respect of the Mozambican part of the corridor, projects (in various stages), project profiles and policy/strategy statements for key economic sectors.
The project lists and profiles presented are not exhaustive but are designed to give the reader a clear appreciation of current projects/programmes and key investment opportunities.
It is the intention of the governments of Mozambique and South Africa, through appropriate institutional arrangements and together with the private sector, to continually review and update these lists and profiles - as part of a broader programme of support to the Maputo Development Corridor.
The Convenors
Interim Co-ordinating Committee
Maputo Development Corridor
CONTENTS
SECTION 1: INFRASTRUCTURE
SECTION 2: TOURISM
SECTION 3: AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES
SECTION 4: MINING
SECTION 5: HEALTH
SECTION 6: INDUSTRY
1.1. PROJECT LISTS
The following lists provide, respectively, information on infrastructure projects according to the following categories.
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Implementation Period: 5 years INFRASTRUCTURE MOZAMBIQUE Transport and Communications |
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Project Title |
Financing Institutions |
Project Status |
Project Commence-ment |
Project Completion |
Present Cost (US$1,000) |
| 1. Rehab. of Water Jets, CFM-Maputo | U.E./ Gov. Moz | Ongoing |
1995 |
1996 |
2,700 |
| 2. Rehab. of Salamanga Rail Line, Phase II, CFM | Cimentos de Moçambique | Ongoing |
1996 |
1998 |
3,200 |
| 3. Rehab. of Oil and Bulk Cargo Terminals, Matola Port | ODA/KFW | Ongoing |
1993 |
- |
6,870 |
| 4. Revitalisation of Maputo Corridor | W. Bank | Ongoing |
1995 |
1996 (Phase 1) |
8,500 |
| 5. Port School of Mozambique | CFM/NORAD | Completed |
1993 |
1995 |
3,500 |
| 6. CFM Technical Assistence, CFM | Spain | Ongoing |
1988 |
1998 |
2,490 |
| 7. Rehabilitation: Coastal Shipping Facilities (MTC) | W. Bank/NORAD/GOV/
FRANCE |
Ongoing |
1990 |
1997 |
22,964 |
| 8. Establishment of a Maritime Safety Service | NORAD/DANIDA/
Gov. Mozambique |
Ongoing |
1996 |
1997 |
9,113 |
| 9. Build up of HINAHINA and rehabilitation of navigation aids (MTC) | NORAD/DANIDA/
Gov. Moz. |
Ongoing |
1996 |
1998 |
2,733 |
| 10. Nautical School of Mozambique - Institutional Support. | NORAD/ Gov. Mozambique | Ongoing |
1982 |
1996 |
21,203 |
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LIST OF CURRENT AND RECENTLY COMPLETED PROJECTS INFRASTRUCTURE MOZAMBIQUE Transport and Communications |
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Project Title |
Financing Institutions |
Project status |
Project Launch |
Project Completion |
Present Cost (US$1,000) |
| 11. Public Telephone Booths TDM | TDM/DANIDA/Gov. | Ongoing |
1995 |
1999 |
1,739 |
| 12. Mobile Cellular Telephone Network - TDM | TDM/FRANCE/Gov. Mozambique | Ongoing |
1996 |
1997 |
13.387 |
| 13. Digitalisation of national satellite networks - TDM | TDM/FRANCE/Gov. Mozambique | Ongoing |
1996 |
1997 |
4,789 |
| 14. Meteorological Services-Training School, Maputo | NORAD/Gov. Moz. | Ongoing |
1991 |
1996 |
- |
| 15. Meteorological Equipment, Maputo | NORAD/Gov. Moz. | Ongoing |
1990 |
1997 |
3,508 |
| 16. Rehabilitation of Maputo Meteorological Network | E.U./Gov. Moz. | Ongoing |
1994 |
1996 |
49 |
| 17. ADM: Dormitory Block and two residences, Maputo | ADM | Ongoing |
1996 |
1997 |
806 |
| 18. ADM: Rehabilitation of Fire-fighting Services | Gov. Mozambique | Ongoing |
1996 |
1996 |
742 |
| 19. Project for the new ADM Headquarters Facilities, Maputo | ADM | Ongoing |
1995 |
1997 |
230 |
| 20. ADM: Airport Studies | ADB | Ongoing |
1994 |
1996 |
1,500 |
| 21. ADM: Consultancy Programme | Sapin | Ongoing |
1995 |
1998 |
- |
| 20. SATCC/MTC: Expansion of SATCC Headquarters, Maputo | Nordic Count. /Gov. of Moz. | Ongoing |
1993 |
- |
290 |
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PRIORITY PROJECTS FOR INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE MOZAMBIQUE Transport, Communications and Roads |
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Project Name |
Financing Institutions |
Estimated Cost Mill. |
| 1. Maputo Port: Dredging and deepening of access channel | Unknown | US$ 40.0 |
| 2. Maputo Port: dredging equipment (purchasing of one 3,000m3 dredger) | Unknown | US$ 18.0 - 20.0 |
| 3. Maputo Port: Upgrading of the port handling equipment | Unknown | US$ 20.0 |
| 4. Maputo Port: Pilot equipment and tugs | Unknown | US$ 20.0 |
| 5. Maputo-Ressano Garcia rail upgrading | Unknown | US$ 30.0 |
| 6. Maputo Port: Cargo safety | Unknown | US$ 10.0 |
| 7. Maputo port: Rehabilitation of general terminal | Unknown | US$ 54.6 |
| 8. Maputo Port: Rehabilitation of the of the fishing port | Japanese Government
(Potential funder) |
US$ 14.6 |
| 9. Rehabilitation of CFM railway equipment (500 wagons) | Unknown | US$ 4.5 |
| 10. Rehabilitation of 17 CFM automotive railcars | Unknown | 1st phase: US$ 3.0
2nd phase: US$12.6 |
| 11. Expansion of urban passenger transport in Maputo City | Unknown | US$ 36.0 |
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PRIORITY PROJECTS FOR INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE MOZAMBIQUE Transport, Communications and Roads |
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Project Name |
Financing Institutions |
Estimated Cost Mill. |
| 12 - Maputo - Ressano Garcia Road | Private Sector | US$ 38.0 |
| 13 - Maputo - Ponta do Ouro Road (125 km) | Unknown | US$ 5.0 |
| 14 - Maputo Airport: Expansion of the Airport Building 1995-1998 | Unknown | US$ 3.5 |
| 15 - Maputo - Catembe Ferry Crossing | Unknown | US$ 2.2 |
| 16 - Maputo - Inhaca Sea Transport | Unknown | US$ 600,000 |
| 17 - CFM institutional reforms | Unknown | US$ 20.0 |
| 18 - Rehabilitation of urban infrastructure at ressano Carcia Town | Unknown | US$ 0.600 |
| 19 - Rehabilitation of urban infrastructure at Moamba Town | Unknown | US$ 0.800 |
| 20 - Rehabilitation of the Rail Complex of Maputo | Unknown | US$ 5.0 |
| 21 - CFM: Reorientation of Redundant Labour | Unknown | US$ 30 |
1.1. PROJECT PROFILES
The following project profiles present greater information in respect of all "priority projects for investment" as listed in the previous section.
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: The Dredging of the Port of Maputo Ref.: 01/TCE/96 Date: 1996 2. Project Location: Maputo - Mozambique 3. Client: Port of Maputo (CFM and other private operators) 4. Implementing Agency: Emodraga 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Transport 6. Project Description: The Port of maputo was originally envisaged to give access to ships with a depth of up to 11 metres. In order to achieve this, dredged access channels 9.4 metres in depth, which require regular annual dredging maintenance of approximately 1,500,000nm3 of sand and mud were built. The only company in the country capable of such is Emodraga. However, Emodraga does not have sufficient dredges to carry out regular dredging in all Ports. As a result no maintenance was carried out in the Port of Maputo for 3 years and thus sand banks formed in the access channels limiting their depths to 7 metres as opposed to 9,4 metres when they were originally built. Due to this, no ships with great capacity (50,000DWT) docked into the Port. In order to maintain the channels in their original condition, therefore allowing ships of the PANAMAX (60,000DWT) type into the Port, regular dredging of 1500,000m3 of sand and mud is required. Allowing these ships in will mean that cargoes which were foreseen for South Africa and other neighbouring countries will be bought to the Port of Maputo. 7. Project Phase: Various alternatives are being investigated in order to obtain a dredge and to improve the management of the company through cooperation agreements. In order to arrive at a solution contact has been established between Transnet and Pentow Marine, both South African firms, and Emodraga. 8. Estimated Cost: An investment of 1,500,000m3 x US$2.0 x 5 years = US $15 million is seeked. 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 20% no finance available 9.2 - European Union 9.3 - Holland 10. Implementation Period: 5 years
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: Tug boats and tow boats Ref.: 04/TCE/96 Date: 1996 2. Project Location: Maputo 3. Client: Port of Maputo 4. Implementing Agency: CFM 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Ports 6. Project Description: The Port of Maputo presently only has one tow boat, which malfunctions. This has caused accidents where docking ships have violently hit the quay or cranes thus creating damages and increased costs for CFM and other ship owners. The department which controls the entering and exit of ships into and out of the harbour also have only one boat. This is clearly insufficient especially in times of mechanical failure. The project aims to buy three tug boats and one tow boat in order to accommodate the increased traffic 7. Project Phase: 8. Estimated Cost: 6.9 million USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: The rehabilitation of the Ressano Garcia Railway line Ref.: 05/TCE/96 Date: 1996 2. Project Location: Province of Maputo-Mozambique 3. Client: CFM 4. Implementing Agency: Protelkon - Ras 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Transport 6. Project Description: A survey on the rehabilitation of the Ressano Garcia railway has already been conducted. The rehabilitation will take place in phases. The first phase has been estimated to cost 2,700,000 USD and it anticipates repairing the various sites where accidents have occurred. The second phase has been budgeted at 8,700,000 USD and aims to carry out any additional repairs required The third phase has been estimated to cost anything between 2 and 11 million USD, depending on what signalling system is adopted. The project also involves demining of adjacent areas to the railway line and repairs to the drainage system. 7. Project Phase: On the 21/11/1995 CFM and DBSA (Development Bank of South Africa) startd negotiations on the financing of 5,000,000 USD for the rehabilitation of the first phase. On this issue the following decisions have been taken. CFM have received the go ahead from DBSA to contract Protekon to carry out a survey during one month. This survey will be finished on 31.01.96. The rehabilitation works on the railway line should start in July 1996. 8. Estimated Cost: 30 million USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - Development Bank of South Africa - USD 5.0 million 9.2 - CFM 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Initiated in July 1996 |
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: Cargo security at the Port of Maputo Ref.: 06/CTE/96 Date: 1995 2. Project Location: Maputo 3. Client: CFM 4. Implementing Agency: CFM 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Ports 6. Project Description: The general cargo at the Port of Maputo has decreased in the last 6 months from 3.5 million tons per annum to 1 million tons per annum. This decrease is attributed to losses incurred through theft on the railway line, on the road as well as on the Port site itself. This situation results in the big importers and exporters abandoning the Port of Maputo. Once the formation of the Port police has been concluded, this project aims to create favourable conditions for operation. It further aims to obtain basic equipment such as 300 radios, 8 4x4 vehicles, bastions, and it aims to regain the use of the security office. This will allow for better security on the railway line within the buildings and in the harbour. 7. Project Phase: The project is being partially implemented. 8. Estimated Cost: 10 million USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - CFM 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: The Rehabilitation of the commercial quay of Maputo Ref.: 07/TCE/96 Date: 1996 2. Project Location: Maputo 3. Client: Port of Maputo (CFM) 4. Implementing Agency: 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Ports 6. Project Description: The aim of the project is to restructure the physical appearance of the quay, the water flowing system and the electrical network for the cranes. The project also aims to improve the supplies furnished to ships, the lighting in the port and the repairs on the store rooms. 7. Project Phase: 8. Estimated Cost: 54,6 million USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Initiation foreseen in 1999 Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: Rehabilitation of the fishing port Ref.: 08/TCE/96 Date: 2. Project Location: Maputo 3. Client: The Ministry of Agriculture and Fishing 4. Implementing Agency: 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Infrastructure 6. Project Description: The project aims to rehabilitate the physical infrastructures of the fishing port of Maputo. It also aims to supply the port with appropriate fish handling equipment. 7. Project Phase: Contact is being made with the Japanese embassy in Harare in order to eventually obtain finance for the project. 8. Estimated Cost: 14.6 USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: Rehabilitation of Railway equipment Ref.: 09/TCE/96 Date: 1995 2. Project Location: Maputo 3. Client: CFM 4. Implementing Agency: CFM 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Railways 6. Project Description: CFM is operational with only 50% of its fleet of carriages of all types. Thus it has been unable to meet client needs satisfactorily. A large part of the carriages require components such as reservoirs, various rods, cylinders, valves, regulators, shock absorbers, suspension springs, etc., all of which can be produced in local industry. These carriages should also be fitted with compressed air break systems. The project aims to restore 500 cariages, which will increase the availability of carriages to 70%. Restoration the maintenance equipment for automised tracks is also envisaged. 7. Project Phase: 8. Estimated Cost: 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: The development of urban transport systems in Maputo Ref.: 11/TCE/96 Date: 1996 2. Project Location: Maputo City 3. Client: The Ministry of Transport and Communications 4. Implementing Agency: To be defined 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Transport 6. Project Description: Existing Urban transport systems in Maputo is unsufficient to accommodate public demand. Within the plan for public transport of passengers the development and restoration of a fleet of busses is foreseen. This project aims to buy and manage 300 passenger busses. 7. Project Phase: 8. Estimated Cost: 36.0 million USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: Reconstruction of the road between Maputo and Ponta Do Ouro Ref.: 13/TCE/96 Date: 1996 2. Project Location: Province of Maputo 3. Client: The Mozambican Government 4. Implementing Agency: DNEP 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Roads 6. Project Description: The connection via land between Maputo and Ponta do Ouro is only possible in a 4x4 vehicle being to the poor conditions of the 113 km stretch of road. With the possibility of an increase of passenger and cargo traffic at the Ponta do Ouro border gate, it is proposed that a road be constructed that links Ponta do Ouro to Maputo. The project also aims to increase tourism in the southern region of Maputo. 7. Project Phase: 8. Estimated Cost: 5.0 million USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: The Development of the Maputo Airport Ref.: 14/TCE/96 Date: 2. Project Location: Maputo 3. Client: Mozambican airports 4. Implementing Agency: 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Aviation 6. Project Description: The aim of the project is to improve functionality and management with regards to the influx of passengers and luggage by increasing security measures for the public and passengers. The objective is to separate the processing of traffic and handling of luggage in domestic and international flights. There is a further aim to create places of safety for the public. The current airport will be improved and remodelled. 7. Project Phase: 8. Estimated Cost: 3.5 million USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: 1996-1998 Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: Crossing route Maputo - Catembe Ref.: 15/TCE/96 Date: 2. Project Location: Maputo 3. Client: Municipal area of the city of Maputo 4. Implementing Agency: Private companies who have not been identified 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Transport 6. Project Description: The present service, the ferry-boat between Maputo and Catembe is poor and unsafe due to the poor technical state of the only existing ferry boat. Yet there is a huge demand for transport on this route. The project aims to secure the movement of passengers and vehicles in the Maputo bay between Maputo and Catembe. The project’s aim is to purchase two ferry-boats with the capacity for 300 passengers and 12 vehicles. Furthermore it aims to restore the docking/harbour facilities for these vessels. This cross over route will benefit passenger who use the Ponta do Ouro border gate in order to go to South Africa. 7. Project Phase: 8. Estimated Cost: 22 million USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: Maritime transport Maputo-Inhaca Ref.: 16/TCE/96 Date: 1996 2. Project Location: Maputo 3. Client: The Ministry of Transport and Communications 4. Implementing Agency: Privately owned companies still to be identified 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Transport 6. Project Description: The project aims to guarantee regular transport for passengers between Maputo and the Island of Inhaca. It is endeavoured to obtain a boat with a capacity of between 150 and 170 passengers. 7. Project Phase: 8. Estimated Cost: 600,000 USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: Institutional reforms at CFM Ref.: 17/TCE/96 Date: 1996 2. Project Location: Maputo 3. Client: CFM 4. Implementing Agency: CFM 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Institutional 6. Project Description: The objective of the project is to improve management techniques at CFM in order to quickly improve its fifnancial position. The project foresees: The recruitment of 30 management professionals to fill vacancies or take up responsibilities within the company. The recruitment of 30 national Technicians in order to carry out the foreign techynical assistance. The formation of short and long term planning goals in the areas of operational control and maintenance. The training of 30 CFM employees in all management dimensions. The reduction and reorientation of all excess staff. 7. Project Phase: 8. Estimated Cost: 30 million USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: The Reconstruction of the urban infrastructural facilities at the village of Ressano Garcia Ref.: 18/TCE/96 Date: 1996 2. Project Location: Ressano Garcia 3. Client: MOPH 4. Implementing Agency: Construction Companies 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Public Works 6. Project Description: The project’s objective is to rehabilitate all roads within the village, reconstruct pavements, construct a drainage system for rain waters, and improve on methods of water supply. 7. Project Phase: 8. Estimated Cost: 600 million USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: The Reconstruction of urban infrastructural facilities at the village of Moamba Ref.: 19/TCE/96 Date: 1996 2. Project Location: Moamba 3. Client: MOPH 4. Implementing Agency: Construction companies 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Public Works 6. Project Description: The project’s objective is to rehabilitate all roads within the village, reconstruct pavements, construct a drainage system for rain waters and improve on methods of water supply for the village. 7. Project Phase: 8. Estimated Cost: 800 million USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Notes:
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MAPUTO DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR 1. Project Title: Reorientation of excess staff at CFM Ref.: 21/TCE/96 Date: 1996 2. Project Location: Maputo 3. Client: CFM 4. Implementing Agency: CFM 5. Nature of Project/Sector: Social 6. Project Description: It has been established that in order to improve productivity, motivation and discipline within the workforce at CFM, between 8000 and 10000 staff members must be retrenched. The projects objectives are to: 1) Identify excess staff. 2) Provide social programs for staff during the transitionary phase. 3) Assist retrenched members of staff to seek new employment opportunities. 7. Project Phase: 8. Estimated Cost: 30 million USD 9. Funding Agency(ies): 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 - 10. Implementation Period: Notes:
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1.3. OVERVIEW OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR IN MOZAMBIQUE
1.3.1. Transport
Transport plays a fundamental role in Mozambique's economy. This sector is an important source of foreign exchange and, in 1994, it accounted for 27% of the country's revenue.
Transport is also a major provider of job opportunities, absorbing 17% of the active labour force.
(i) Ports and Railways
Traditionally, these activities were exclusively run by CFM - the Mozambican Ports and Railways Company - but at present, they are being sub-contracted to the private sector in order to improve effectiveness and efficiency in the provision of services to the users. This new philosophy is provided for in the new transport policy approved by the Government of Mozambique.
Port and Railways activities centre around three main corridors which provide landlocked countries access to the Indian Ocean.
Maputo Corridor (CFM-SUL)
Consisting of the principal Mozambican international port of Maputo, and the three railway sub-corridors of:
Limpopo (534 Km to Zimbabwe) handling and moving imported domestic cargo, food/aid and consumables, and transit export sugar, steel, ferrochrome, cotton, and potentially residual tobacco; recently completely rehabilitated via multilateral aid;
Goba (74 Km to Swaziland) handling mainly transit export sugar, wood pulp, coal, molasses, and canned fruit in containers; recently rehabilitated via Italian aid; and
Ressano Garcia (88 Km to South Africa) handling coal, steel, citrus, and potentially timber and container traffic. The line is in need of rehabilitation.
Maputo Port has an overall quay length of 3.375 Mts with depths alongside varying 8- 12 metres allowing the berthing of vessels up to 40,000 Tons DWT. Access to Maputo Port is made through dredged channels duly lit thus offering 24 hour sailing conditions.
Maputo Port has one container terminal, one sugar terminal, one steel terminal, five general cargo berths, two coal terminals, one coastal terminal, a fishing harbour, an oil terminal and a new grain terminal.
In 1995, the Port handled 2.6 million tons, but its installed capacity is between 8 and 10 Mn tpa.
Beira Corridor (CFM - Centro)
Located on the Pungue River estuary stands the second largest Mozambican international port of Beira. The port is connected by 314 Km road and rail links to Zimbabwe and, through Zimbabwe, to Zambia.
The principal cargoes of Beira are transit import petroleum products and fertilizer to Zimbabwe; and tobacco, coffee, steel transit exports from Zimbabwe; plus copper from Zambia. There is potential for Mozambican coal exports from Moatize, and local timber, and citrus exports.
In 1995, this port handled 4.2 million tonnes/port.
Access to the port is made through a 200 metre wide access channel. It has a quay length of 1680 meters with depths alongside varying between 8-10 metres. The port has general cargo quays, a multi-purpose container terminal, a pre-cooling plant, a coal terminal, and a new oil terminal able to handle oil tankers of up to 50,000 DWT.
The Beira Corridor has benefitted from major donor funding support from 1986 onwards amounting to some ECU 407.3 million principally for technical assistance, the reconstruction of quays and internal port roads, container handling and storage facilities at berths 2-5, a new oil terminal, capital and maintenance dredging, and port railway rehabilitation.
Nacala Corridor (CFM-Norte)
The Nacala corridor consists of the 615 Km rail link via Entre Lagos to Malawi and the port of Nacala which boasts the largest deep water facility in Africa.
Principal cargoes include Malawi transit imports/exports plus Mozambican cotton, tea, and cashew from the northern provinces of Zambia, Nampula, and Niassa. Although open to commercial traffic since 19 November 1989, it suffered continual disruptions and threat from the civil war activity until the ceasefire in October 1992.
The port of Nacala is a natural deep water harbour, where more or less unlimited vessel sizes are able to anchor and has a quay length of 990 meters with a minimum depth alongside of 10 meters.
The port has a nominal capacity of 2 million tonnes per annum, with a new container terminal capacity in excess of 30,000 TEU. Traffic levels continue to be low at around 0.5 million tpa because of the poor functioning of the rail links to Malawi.
Port development has taken place since 1984, principally rehabilitation of the general cargo quays, a container terminal and equipment facility, and technical assistance at a cost of some US$30 million.
Secondary Ports:
Apart from these rail and port systems, CFM manages two important national ports:
Quelimane Port, with a wharf 200 metres long and a depth alongside of 4.5 metres.
This port handles domestic agricultural produce (cashew nuts, copra, tea, fishing products) and will eventually be linked to Malawi by road.
Pemba Port: Marine access to the port is very good, permitting deep water vessels to enter to the anchorage. The quay length is 180x17 metres, and a depth alongside of 4.5-9.0 metres . Pemba has no rail links.
The wharf and wharehouses have recently been rehabilitated, and a new container paved area has been built under assistance provided by NORAD.
(ii) Maritime Transport
Mozambique has a coastline that stretches for about 2,700 Km, which makes maritime transport the most economic way of carrying large volumes of cargo in the North-South direction and vice-versa.
Apart from the three international ports of Maputo, Beira and Nacala, Mozambique has 13 additional domestic ports that handle a variety of cargo, involving private and state-owned shipping companies.
The development of the coastal and river transport sub-sector has benefitted from significant support provided by the Nordic countries before and during the war, when communication links between some cities and districts were only possible by sea.
Nonetheless, with the end of the war, road transport has become a major competitor in the movement of cargo along the coast. This partly explains the fact that the volume of cargo carried by the largest and main shipping company, NAVIQUE, dropped from 345,000 tons in 1994 to only 85,000 tons moved in 1995.
The upgrading of the maritime transport system requires significant investments.
(iii) Road Transport
This sector is growing rapidly thanks to the end of the war situation, the reopening of roads, its door-to-door delivery advantage and cargo safety. The volume of cargo carried increased from 49,000 tons in 1994 to 76,000 tons in 1995.
With the implementation of a national road rehabilitation programme, long distance passenger and cargo road transport has been growing significantly.
In the urban centres, there is a severe shortage of passenger transport services due to the rapid urbanization caused by the rural-urban movement of people and ageing of the existing fleet.
(iv) Air Transport
The international airports of Maputo and Beira are equipped with facilities adequate for servicing any type of commercial aircraft and provide for air connections with other provincial capitals. These airports are managed by Aeroportos de Mocambique - ADM (Mozambique Airports Company)
Passenger air transport is carried by LAM (Mozambique Airlines), TTA and private operators. In view of the reduction of LAM’s fleet and the competitive fares applied by road transport operators, there has been a slight decline in the use of this mode of transport. In 1994, 434,000 passengers were transported by plane compared with 384,000 transported in 1995.
(v) Pipeline
This pipeline is used to convey fuel from the Beira Port to Zimbabwe. On average, 310,000 tons of fuel are conveyed through the pipeline annually.
The table below shows the sharing of volumes of cargo carried by the different modes of transport:
| Mode of transport | 1994 | 1995 |
| Railways | 47.5% | 65.2% |
| Maritime | 25.0% | 6.0% |
| Road | 3.60% | 5.60% |
| Air | 0.70% | 0.60% |
| Pipeline | 23.2% | 22.6% |
| Total | 100.% | 100.0% |
1.3.2 Communications
Telecomunicações de Mocambique-TDM (Mozambique Telecoms) is the public enterprise responsible for the operation and management of the national telecommunications system.
Based on the implementation of an Investment Master Plan, the system has been expanding with the extension of domestic and international networks.
1.3.3. Roads
The national road network covers 29,000 Km of which 5,300 Km are tarred roads.
The main international road links are Maputo-Swaziland, Maputo-South Africa, Beira-Zimbabwe, Tete-Zimbabwe, Tete-Malawi and Lichinga-Malawi.
The roads sub-sector has, since 1992, benefitted from a 5-year global rehabilitation project at an estimated cost of US$ 900 million (the present largest national investment) financed by the World Bank.